{"id":432,"date":"2026-04-02T09:10:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T09:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/?page_id=432"},"modified":"2026-04-02T09:23:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T09:23:43","slug":"flowchart-cloned","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/?page_id=432","title":{"rendered":"Multi-Method Approach"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth hundred-percent-height hundred-percent-height-center-content non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><strong>Multi-Method Approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When endogeneity concerns are serious but neither credible instruments nor plausible copula assumptions are available, a pragmatic alternative is triangulation: combining observational analyses with controlled studies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The idea is straightforward: if a focal predictor cannot be cleanly identified in the observational data, manipulating it in a complementary experiment can help assess whether the observational conclusions hold up. Triangulation serves two purposes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Triangulation tests the robustness of the estimated effect<\/li>\n<li>Triangulation sharpens insight into the mechanisms behind it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Important Limitation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Multimethod designs do not substitute for internal validity within the observational component. Assembling multiple data sources does not, by itself, eliminate endogeneity. The observational analysis must still address endogeneity rigorously \u2014 experimental add-ons cannot legitimize weak identification in the observational study.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-432","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=432"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":449,"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/432\/revisions\/449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.endogeneity.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}